The Feudal System Of The Middle Ages Of England - 1066 Words

The Feudal System in the Middle Ages of England was not the best system of government to go by for everyone since it gave most of its power to the King, and made it impossible for the lower class to improve themselves economically. People of higher rank expected the lower ranks of society to pledge their loyalty to them and in turn, protected them. There came a time where everybody became tired of never progressing, and people started to do something about it. The end to Feudalism did not just happen overnight, it took many years, a deadly disease and many angry peasants for the social class to rise. First the nobles got the King to sign the Magna Carta, which limited the King’s power, years later a deadly disease caused the population of England to decrease by 1/3, and finally, The Peasants’ Revolt which changed England forever. Feudalism first began after a collapse of the Roman Empire, and barbarian tribes invading England. The social structure that became the Feuda lism, consisted of the clergy, knights and peasants. The clergy were the religious people that dedicated themselves to the salvation of humanity. Kings, high nobles, and low nobles who were soldiers and meant to defend others. The peasants were the people who grew crops and tended animals. Some rented their land and the serfs worked for knights and were legally tied to that land. Everyone had obligations to someone. This was the way the feudal system worked. As time went by though, people realized theyShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Did Feudalism Affect the Societies in the Middle Ages?1518 Words   |  7 Pagesextent did feudalism affect the societies in the Middle Ages? Plan of Investigation The investigation assesses the significance of the feudal system in the middle ages. In order to evaluate the feudal system’s significance, the investigation evaluates each role of the social classes in a Middle Ages society. This includes the kings, nobles and lords, knights, and peasants and serfs. Articles and secondary sources are mostly used to evaluate the feudal system’s significance. Two of the sources usedRead MoreThe Kings Way of Goverment904 Words   |  4 PagesIt had levels of status similar to modern society. In the Middle Ages, the Feudal System was a very important system to kings in order for them to control entire countries. The Feudal System was a vital system to William I who could not control all the land he had. According to Chris Trueman, William had defeated the English army lead by Harold Godwine but before he could be called King of England he had to gain control of all of England. The English thought of William as a foreigner who had forcedRead MoreThe Hundred Years War And Feudal Society1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hundred Years’ War and Feudal Society Why did the feudal order of Medieval society fall apart? The feudal order of the Middle Ages was a system of local rule, where powerful lords gave land and protection in exchange for loyalty and military service from lesser lords. Tradition dictated that this exchange would be held in place by the feudal contract, consisting of multiple pledges. This resulted in small communities consisting of one powerful lord, peasants, and serfs who worked for the lordRead MoreThe Hundred Years War And Feudal Society1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hundred Years’ War and Feudal Society Why did the feudal order of Medieval society fall apart? The feudal order of the Middle Ages was a system of local rule, where powerful lords gave land and protection in exchange for loyalty and military service from lesser lords. Tradition dictated that this exchange would be held in place by the feudal contract, consisting of multiple pledges. This resulted in small communities consisting of one powerful lord, peasants, and serfs who worked for the lordRead MoreReview Of The Video Robin Hood 1283 Words   |  6 Pages(story) is found on this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oz8FOvdOit4 Background This story takes place in England, during King Richard’s reign from 1189 to 1199, in the middle ages also as the medieval times (European history beginning at the downfall of Rome in 476AD until about 1500AD). During the middle ages, the form of government and society that was set up was called the feudal system. It was based on the ownership of land. While the king of a region owned all the land, he could give possessionRead MoreFeudalism And The Feudal System913 Words   |  4 Pages1. Q: When was the feudal system developed and why was it used extensively during the Middle Ages in comparison to past social systems? A: Feudalism, short for the feudal system, has long reaching roots that can be best described as vague in its founding. Feudalism was first found in the 8th century when the Frankish kingdom practiced the act of passing fiefs to lords under the control on the king. When the Frankish kingdom attacked northern Italy, Spain, and Germany, the idea of feudalism spreadRead MoreSocial Class Distinction in Sir Gawain and the Green knight Essay669 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Green knight† is a romantic Middle English poem written in the fourteenth century by an unknown author. This poem is a fairy-tale like story that gives its readers a glimpse into the social class system of Medieval England. This literary work opens with the famous King Arthur, a local bishop, and King Arthur’s knights enjoying a royal feast at Camelot during the Christmas season. This poem provides an accurate depiction of the feudal system of the middle ages. Within this tale are individualsRead MoreThe End Of The Western Roman Empire1323 Words   |  6 Pagescommonly referred to as the Middle Ages or the medieval period. With the decline in trade and formal learning, the constant state of warfare and invasions, and most importantly the absence of a strong centralized government, there was widespread disorder and an overwhelming need for stability. Rather than central rulers, people looked towards local rulers for protection as small,weak kingdoms besides Charlemagne’s empire emerged. With it came a life dependent on feudal relationships, the self-sufficiencyRead MoreThe Middle Ages A Period Of Three Divisions Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe Middle Ages a period of three divisions in Western history. The Medieval period being at the center of the three divisions. A period which brought insecurities within the economic, judicial, social, and political spheres. Falling empires such as the Roman Empire increased the urge of society for protection, thus to also formed alliances i n order for survival. One of the greatest and most dominant alliance among the empires became to be known as feudalism. The alliance in the feudal system organizedRead MoreThe High Middle Ages1314 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Foster HIS-109 March 6, 2014 Professor Carta The High Middle Ages The Christian religions rise to supremacy in the middle ages was the result of several factors. Christians had long been persecuted by the Roman Empire because the Romans felt that Christianity challenged and offended the Greco-Roman Gods and the Christians were prone to revolt against Roman rule. Christianity survived because it had many teachings that appealed to the downtrodden in Roman society, these teachings being

American Popular Culture and Its Impact in a Globalized World

Americans, after all, did not invent fast food, amusement parks, or the movies. Before the Big Mac, there were British fish and chips. Before Disneyland, there was Copenhagens Tivoli Gardens (which Walt Disney used as a prototype for his first theme park, in Anaheim, a model later re-exported to Tokyo and Paris). Ââ€" Richard Pells 1. Introduction No matter what corner of the world, it is more than unlikely to walk up to an adoles-cent, mention the names Jennifer Lopez, Madonna, Eminem or Bruce Willis and be confronted with a questioning face of ignorance. Performers and actors such as these have become increasingly omnipresent in peoples lives all around the globe. American popular culture with its above-mentioned†¦show more content†¦This definition will work for the purposes of this paper. American popular culture has never been more dominant internationally than in the middle of the 90s Ââ€" nor more controversial. Serious money is involved as pop culture is Americas second-biggest export after aircraft (Rockwell 1994). There is a common perception that in the process of globalization American products dominate everywhere on the worlds markets. The fact that you can quench your thirst with Coca-Cola in about 185 countries is but one example of U.S. economic ambition (Stephens 1993, online). Likewise, European an ti-globalization activists have long criticized Hollywood and its big-budget studios for monopolizing the world movie in-dustry and, consequently, flooding other cultures with American iconolatry. The popu-larity of a movie like Jurassic Park (1993), for instance, was identified as threatening to the national identity of other cultures. It has also been lamented that due to the widespread distribution of industrialized music and the loss of music that is charac-teristic of a certain culture, civilizations are increasingly losing a sense of national identity and pride (cited in Lanza 2001, online). The high-culture canon has been remarkably transnational for at least the past century, but as soon as popular culture with its Western-made goods and the ideo-logical values they are oftentimes said to carryShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Globalization on Fashion with Special Reference to the Impact of Japanese Designs on the European Scene1521 Words   |  7 Pagesct Analyse the effect of ‘Globalization’ on fashion with special reference to the impact of Japanese designs on the European scene. The definition of globalisation is quite complex and extremely controversial. However globalization with reference to the fashion industry helps defines the development of what has been termed as „world fashion‟. Preferred garments of young people is quite often the same. A phenomenon made possible by the exploitative mechanisms of globalization. The globalization ofRead MoreThe Effect of Globalization on Fashion with Special Reference to the Impact of Japanese Designs on the European Scene1527 Words   |  7 Pagesct Analyse the effect of ‘Globalization’ on fashion with special reference to the impact of Japanese designs on the European scene. The definition of globalisation is quite complex and extremely controversial. However globalization with reference to the fashion industry helps defines the development of what has been termed as „world fashion‟. Preferred garments of young people is quite often the same. A phenomenon made possible by the exploitative mechanisms of globalization. The globalizationRead MoreMass Media and Popular Culture953 Words   |  4 PagesMedia and Popular Culture March, 2009 Let us face the facts, mass media and popular culture need each other to coexist. Furthermore, in todays society the mass media serves the interest of popular culture. Moreover, it is the vehicle of free speech in a diverse, multicultural society. In addition, mass media refers to communication via radio, televisions, movie theaters, television, newspapers, magazines, and, etc; thereby, reaching out to the larger audience. On the contrary, popular cultureRead MoreAmerica s Influence On American Culture1414 Words   |  6 PagesPopular culture in America has visibly had an immense impact in other countries. It has created superheros such as Superman and The Avengers, invented cartoons that symbolize the childhoods of the youth such as Mickey Mouse and Scooby Doo, and globalized figures such as Martin Luther King Jr. There is no doubt that these idols represent positive images that spread influential ideas to other countries, but these positive ideas are only a small fraction of w hat American popular culture is. AmericanRead MoreFood Is A Fundamental Competent1006 Words   |  5 Pagesmainstream and transformed the world of cropping. Soybeans originated in Asia were they are important part to their diets, specifically China. Soybeans were used for tofu, a protein that is a staple to the culture, and oils for light and dietary needs. In the late 1800s, soybeans began to be exported out of China and into other countries of Asia. The first international shipments of soybeans were sent to Europe in 1908 for oil, and from then the trade became more popular. Soybeans since have becomeRead MoreEssay about Important Terms in Cultural Anthropology1063 Words   |  5 Pages5 4/25/13 Chapter 4 KBAT Material Culture-The physical objects produced by a culture in order to meet its material needs: food, clothing, shelter, arts, and recreation. Culture-The body of beliefs (values), social forms, and material traits that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people. Folk Culture-Cultural traditions practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation. Popular Culture-Cultural elements found in large, heterogeneousRead MoreThe Effects of Globalization on Cambodia Essay888 Words   |  4 Pagesconnections between countries across the globe in terms of culture and economy. Almost on every part of the world, citizens have become a part of the global village. Even though various researches stated that there are negative effects of globalization for particular reasons, the positive impacts were clearly shown to be stronger especially in developing countries such as Cambodia. To begin with, tourist travel is one of the main negative impacts of Globalization as it is able pose a serious threat onRead MoreMass Media and Popular Culture1367 Words   |  6 PagesHow has mass media a created a relationship among popular culture, mass media and different forms of dissemination? Mass media is any form of communication used to reach a large group of people. There are different types of media; examples of media are magazines, movies, television, books, recording devices, radio and the internet. As time goes on, new and improved technology is developed in the mass media industry for communicating and entertainment purposes. As mass media continues to grow andRead MoreGlobalization and Lower Living Standards for Americans Essay example1364 Words   |  6 Pages He is undoubtedly correct in this assessment. Indeed, globalization is no longer something to be skeptical of, it is very real and is changing our world exponentially. The affects of globalization, howe ver, continue to be a heated topic for debate. Proponents praise the overall economic lift provided by free trade, the diffusion of cultures, and the spread of democracy and capitalism. Critics cry foul at the loss of national identity, the accelerated and uncontrolled use of natural resourcesRead MoreThe Effect Of Globalization On Communities1117 Words   |  5 PagesCommunities Cultures and societies evolve along with their growing abilities and changing environment, and each generation throughout history has had unique circumstances to learn from and deal with. The industrial revolution set the world on a much speedier path towards change which has been apparent in the last hundred years with growing cities and the rapid spread of technology. As the world establishes itself in the information age we find the connection between distant cultures becoming tighter

Group Behavior in the Workplace Free Essays

string(302) " Employees who are not prone to building interpersonal relationships can assume a particularly negative team role, or scapegoat role, where the team member can take on the entire responsibility or guilt of the working group if they chose not to produce as required by the working group and management\." Group Behavior in the Workplace Antoinette T Harris Organizational Behavior, MGT 412 Instructor: Nikki Follis December 7, 2010 Group Behavior in the Workplace Introduction Group Behavior is well defined as, situations that allows people to interact in large or small groups. These individuals working together may begin to coordinate their behavior by acting in a certain way to achieve a goal that differs from what each person would do if acting alone. Group dynamics, combined with great leadership or management, can achieve goals that are set for organizational success. We will write a custom essay sample on Group Behavior in the Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now The organizations social systems are made up of many complex sets of human behavior and relationships that interact in many ways within the workplace and also in the businesses world they face every day. These working groups can be comprised of like-minded individuals, a diverse group of individuals, or a group of specialized skilled individuals who are developed by management to achieve one common goal in the organization or project at hand. Balancing the rights of each individual in the workplace is sometimes difficult for the employer since most organizational goals are set to be achieved through group effort.People become dependent on established cultural systems that gives each individual stability, understanding, security, and the ability to respond to any given situation. Working Groups impose certain expectations and rules on each individual member of the team which can expose the weaker member’s lack of shared responsibilities. This can affect the working teams set go als that must be met by everyone involved in the group’s effort to get every detail finished and accomplished. Employer’s views on Group BehaviorQuality Management Systems within the workplace will become the key element that will measure the success or failure of an organization. Individual attitudes within the workplace can reflect a person’s likes/dislikes toward other co-workers and management within his or her working environment. Supervisors and managers must understand how workplace group behavior can be inspired to increase productivity, motivation and product quality by establishing a secure and stable group environment that can be managed effectively and minimally.The Manager – Worker relationship is usually influenced by management’s egoistic needs that are mainly governed by two types: the needs that relate to the leader’s reputation, such as recognition, status, respect of associates, and appreciation; and those that relate to self-confidence, achievement, decision making, self-esteem and knowledge. Management is not usually designed to help employees satisfy their human needs in a manner that will create healthy working environments.If management and high level leadership in the corporate world will develop more like m inded, working group environments; employee’s will experience fewer frustrations and will devote more time and commitment to their production processes. These motivating factors I have listed would be aimed to benefit the organization as a whole and not slow down productivity through dis-satisfied and non-productive employees. 1. Altruism – is concerned with being of help to other people. Help of a practical nature can be a psychological or emotional kind. . Productivity – Efficiency managed by a productive management team will help minimize the working relationship gap that will usually exist between average employees and productive employees. 3. Self-Development – This motive can show concern by helping to develop individual skills and abilities that can be used as a plus in the working group. 4. Team Building Events – Managers who schedule team building events will see more productivity and motivation in their groups efforts to achieve its goals. 5.Staff morale – This motivator will help management build their teams and groups effectively, if they practice boosting morale within the working group environments. High morale is one of the major components in the workforce. Traditional Management is no longer practiced within today’s workforce. This style of management focuses on using the majority of the time working with and through people. The working individual now has to become a skillful psychologist, since most of what people do on a daily basis, is shaping the behavior of others. Whether you are a manger or subordinate, you are only successful as a group effort if each individual has skills at motivation, interpersonal influence, working together with peers, good communication with individuals and superiors. Managers are reflections on each working individual and their style of leadership will determine the quality of groups they orchestrate to build organizational power, growth and success. New management styles tend to base their success on feedback from individuals bottom line performance.Management believes that everyone’s performance is important and should be aligned with the organization’s values, vision, and strategic priorities. The Employees View Today’s corporate world calls for effective and efficient working professionals that will go beyond their comfort zones to build good working interpersonal relationships at work that help all workers understand their role and target goals that contributes to the strategic vision of the organization.Healthy interpersonal relationships in team members will enhance favorable working environments and keep morale strong as teamwork progress toward one common goal. The culture of an organization is a very important and powerful element when that shapes working relationships, work enjoyment, and teamwork progress. Not every working individual has the psychological make-up that enhances the workplace and makes way for an enjoyable teamwork environment. Some employee’s feel that working in a team group causes blurred vision between the self and others which causes a mixture of anxiety and false self.Working in close-knit work relationships can be positive or negative depending on the culture of the organization and how management governs the project or goal at hand. Each individual adopts a role on behalf of the working group which functions as a team looking to achieve one common goal. If a certain team member is not using his or hers interpersonal relationship skills, then the goal of the team can be hindered and unprogressive, leaving a negative impact on the team’s functionality and creativity.Several issues emerged as a result of the employee’s lack of fulfillment in the teamwork environment. Employees who are not prone to building interpersonal relationships can assume a particularly negative team role, or scapegoat role, where the team member can take on the entire responsibility or guilt of the working group if they chose not to produce as required by the working group and management. You read "Group Behavior in the Workplace" in category "Papers" Interpersonal relationships are very important when it comes to teamwork and effective production levels within the organization.Management should be aware of certain individuals that do not possess the interpersonal or relational skills it takes to be a good and effective team member. Team building events can be very effective when it comes to helping individuals achieve certain career goals and team building skills. Each individual brings diversity and creativity to the total work group, and should therefore be treated fairly and carefully, to bring a positive outcome to all working groups that are looking to achieve a common product or goal. Developing Group NormsEach employer has an obligation to ensure all of his or her employees are working toward achieving a common goal. This is to include any and all of the relationally challenged individuals in workplace. Some of these employees may not already be recognized as interpersonally challenged workers, and may need a personal asse ssment performed to calculate the degree of his or hers developmental needs. As the culture of the organization is important for productivity, the development of group norms should also be at the top of management’s organizational goals.Successful communication between managers and employees can be critical components of group interaction and functioning. Some steps that an organization can take to adopt group norms can be very effective in managing group efforts that will produce one common goal. First, a session or team building event should be scheduled for all group members to attend. This should be fun, exciting, motivating and positive in order for each individual to learn their particular roles and effectiveness they will bring to the common production goal at hand.Once this team building session is scheduled and established, the facilitator builds on each team member’s creativity and abilities to begin a common working environment for all to build reliance, trust and self-confidence. A brainstorming session is vital to this team building process. This allows each individual to bring their personal thought processes and skills to the table of production. The more ideals generated the better. Recording these ideas on a large white flip chart or white board where everyone can see, will build upon the common goal management has tasked the working group with.Ensuring positive and effective communication and keeping commitments are very essential to teamwork efforts. Each member of the group is committed to living the guidelines that is set in motion. The team should commit to confiding in each other if they think a group member is in violation of the agreed upon â€Å"group norm†. A list of all group norms should be distributed to each team member and posted in a common area like the team’s meeting room. These group norms that were established should be periodically reevaluated and implemented to ensure the effectiveness of the groups common goals and achievements.Keeping management updated and informed of the groups progress can be a big plus to each individual as evaluation time rolls around to show the team members how effective and productive they were in achieving the common goal that was tasked as a group effort. Conclusion Today, the major task within the working groups is communication and team building sessions that will bring everyone together to build interpersonal relationship skills with other coworkers, to show each individual the importance and effectiveness of working together as a team. One of the ost important things to remember when it comes to team development and team building is to consider that effective teams are developing organisms. Each team goes through stages of development the same way plants and animals do. The Wheelen’s Integrated Model of group development describes the evolution the group evolves through. The model shows the groups progression from immaturity to maturity in four stages. The first stage is modeled after a toddler or young child. These newly created members of the working team are insecure and unsure of themselves, the group and its structure.This new group will need instruction, guidance and direction to establish a routine that will help each member gain security and stability in their individual roles that will enable them to move toward their next stage. The groups’ second stage is similar to middle school. These easy to recognize issues are prone to rear its ugly head. Lots of disagreements; subgroups and cliques emerge where some of the members will show discontent and resentment toward the leader. This makes the leader frustrated with the group of workers since no matter what he or she tries to do, will always add up to â€Å"wrong†. Stage two can be compared to teen years. For leadership or management, this stage is critical in the team building adventure. This is the time to give each member the opportunity to take on a larger role, and not the time to relinquish authority or rewrite the script on power. As the group matures into stage three, it will soon learn what it takes to accomplish the group’s task at hand. At stage three, each working individual will have to give equal weight to what and how they will work within the group’s efforts. This stage allows for individuals to fine-tune their roles and form positive partnerships and coalitions.Each member masters this part of the stage and the group can now move effortlessly into stage four. It is great to see working groups progress into stage four. They are focused on the process it takes to carry out the work. This stage characterizes the independence of the leader and trickles down to each individual that is working toward the goal of completion. The team learns delegation skills from the leader and this relationship now resembles that of the adult-child or older parent relationship. The leader is dedicated and consulted as needed, for clarification and feedback that results in the final decision of the group.As working groups learn what it takes to work together effectively, this integrated model of group development will help organizations to achieve effective teams that are armed with knowledge, interpersonal skills, individual creativity that allows everyone to work together. Working as a team will help build effective products and services that will show a quality that cannot be produced by one person, but built upon by an effective group of individuals who lear ned how to come together to achieve one common organizational goal. Works Cited†Group Behavior and Psychoanalysis. Changing Minds and Persuasion — How We Change What Others Think, Believe, Feel and Do. Syque 2002-2010. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. http://changingminds.org/disciplines/psychoanalysis/articles/group_psychoanalysis. htm. How to cite Group Behavior in the Workplace, Papers

Forces and Technology Acceptance Model †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Forces and Technology Acceptance Model. Answer: Introduction: The child care industry is one of the fastest growing industries in New Zealand. With the rapid change in the lifestyle of the people, the need for the child care organizations have been growing day by day. This industry is adequately supported and funded by the New Zealand government. The interaction with the client revealed the facts that that almost 80 children have been living in the child care centre. The employees of the organization are focused on enhancing the skills of every student and ensure that each of the children is able to grow up and experience a healthy environment (Alkon et al., 2016). The organization allows late pick-ups for the children, in case the parents are not able to arrive on time. However, the organization does not charge any extra money for the late pick-ups ("Cute Kids HomeBased Child Care Education | Affordable and Quality ChildCare", 2017). The operational hours of the childcare organization are flexible and thus help the parents to ensure safety of the children. 20 hours free ECE and upto 50 hours WINZ are given. Moreover, personalised learning plan for every child is provided. The extended hours include the timings from 7am to midnight, all round the week. The organization also provides with low teacher to child ration (Brebner, Hammond, Schaumloffel Lind, 2015). However, specialised care and paediatricians need to be increased in the organization, in order to take good care of the children falling sick (IBISworld, 2017). The importance of this industry in New Zealand has been highlighted, along with describing the background of the company ("Cute Kids HomeBased Child Care Education | Affordable and Quality ChildCare", 2017).. The SWOT analysis of the company, along with Porters 5 forces and value chain has been mentioned in this assignment. The aim of the project have been stated clearly, along with the proposed outcome and the most appropriate communication strategy has also been highlighted in this assignment. Cute Kids Limited, Home based education and childcare is not a very old childcare organization. The organization and day care started with the belief that early childhood has a major role to play in shaping the future of the children ("Cute Kids HomeBased Child Care Education | Affordable and Quality ChildCare", 2017). The child education, has a major role to play in developing the childs ability to develop various skills and ensure lifelong learning. The mission of the company is to ensure a safe and healthy childhood for the children that would result in the bright future of the children ("Cute Kids HomeBased Child Care Education | Affordable and Quality ChildCare", 2017). The vision of the childcare centre is to ensure that childcare is given to each of the children to ensure meeting the stringent health and safety requirements (Alkon et al., 2016). The organizational structure is a flat one, with low levels of hierarchy (Oham Macdonald, 2016). The various designations in the o rganization include the educators, the care workers, paediatricians, financial manager, safety and security manager ("Cute Kids HomeBased Child Care Education | Affordable and Quality ChildCare", 2017).. The educators are able to communicate with each other, with clarity, thus ensuring development of the children. The internal and external environment of the business organization is highlighted in this assignment using the SWOT and Porters five-force analysis. Strengths The services provided are package of diversified portfolio, that includes care to learning (Alkon et al., 2016) The futuristic approach of the management has a huge potential in terms of market share and revenue growth ("Cute Kids HomeBased Child Care Education | Affordable and Quality ChildCare", 2017). Unity in diversity is maintained among the children, encouraging multicultural environment The strong USPs such as no extra charge for late pick-up, extended hours from 7am to midnight, learning based skill development Weakness The initial launch of the organization needed to build customer confidence, thus the initial business was low ("Cute Kids HomeBased Child Care Education | Affordable and Quality ChildCare", 2017). Opportunities Since most of management staffs is ethnic based, hence targeting the ethnic based customers are effective and successful ("Cute Kids HomeBased Child Care Education | Affordable and Quality ChildCare", 2017). Threats The various health issues and past history of illness might not get prevailed in a short span of time (IBISworld, 2017) The child care industry is a highly competitive one, hence a strong competition is faced ("Cute Kids HomeBased Child Care Education | Affordable and Quality ChildCare", 2017). Bargaining power of the customers The bargaining powers of the customers determine the extent to which the customer has control on the business (Dobbs, 2014). For the child care organization the bargaining power of the customers are high. This is because, there are many day care and child care centres all around New Zealand (Alkon et al., 2016). Hence, if the charges of the childcare have to be low enough in order to attract more customers. The bargaining power is edged with discounts and price subsidies or adding more USPs (Fung, 2014). The bargaining power of the customers highlights the impacts that the suppliers and internal staffs have on the business (Brebner, Hammond, Schaumloffel Lind, 2015). The suppliers of the food, stationeries and clothes have low bargaining power, since there are a huge number of suppliers available for the supply of the goods in the day care centre (Fung, 2014). The threat of the new entrants determines if a new competition is able to enter the market easily or not (Dobbs, 2014). For the childcare centre cute kids, the threat for the new entrants is average to high (Oham Macdonald, 2016). The project aims to identify the target market, focusing on the ethnic base working professionals from the local Sandringham market. The purpose of the project is to carry out research to know the various factors that are significant in decision making while choosing childcare. The aim of the project is to identify the needs of the customers and ensure that the organization is able to meet the same. The needs of the customers include care being taken by the educators and childcare centre (Dobbs, 2014). Moreover, the customers also prefer that the physical and mental development of the children is taken care, in the child care centre Cute Kids (Sharkins et al., 2016). It is important that the target customers have to be identified and are catered according to the needs. Moreover, the perception of kindergarten and childcare in Auckland city is also known, with the conduction of this study. The current scenario reveals the fact that most of the customers would like to ensure the safety of their children at the childcare centre (Sharkins et al., 2016). The basic needs of the children have to be fulfilled, along with ensuring that the children are provided a healthy environment to grow up. However, while the survey results are might reveal a different issue (Gubbels, 2014). After conducting the survey, different customer needs might be revealed. The scope of the project is wide. While conducting this project, I have been involved in various events conducted by the childcare centre. Involving me in the events of the childcare centre as a volunteer is useful for the organization. I am able to learn about the work that the childcare centre does, along with assisting in successful completion of the various events organized by the Cute Kid, childcare home ("Cute Kids HomeBased Child Care Education | Affordable and Quality ChildCare", 2017).. Taking part in the marketing events such as promotion and marketing, by distributing pamphlets and leaflets to the customers are also within the scope of the project. Visiting various promotional events arranged by the Cute Kids home are effective in ensuring successful marketing of the child care home. Communication strategies Communication has a key role to play in any business organization. Regular communication among the educators, along with communication with the parents is essential. The care home ensures that the educators and the care workers communicate regularly with the parents, such that the regular feedback regarding the children is given to the parents from time to time ("Cute Kids HomeBased Child Care Education | Affordable and Quality ChildCare", 2017).. Moreover, interpersonal communication is also important for taking care of the children. Clarity in communication with the children has to be maintained, in order to ensure complete mental, physical and psychological growth of the children. Regular communication is desirable with the parents and the educators. This will ensure that a transparency among the customers and childcare centre will be maintained. The parents will obtain the regular update of the children, thus ensuring the gain of confidence among the parents. While conducting this project, I faced various risks. These risks include the lack of time, lack of sufficient fund. The time was a major constraint for the completion of the project. I had to accommodate all the activities within the specified time. Another risk was the limited fund. The budget was a major constraint, since I had to travel to the Cute Kid childcare home, along with bearing other expenses, in order to complete the project successfully ("Cute Kids HomeBased Child Care Education | Affordable and Quality ChildCare", 2017).. The potential risks are to be identified and effective risk management have to be done in order to mitigate the risks, or curb down the intensity of the risks. Another risk faced during while undertaking the project is the lack of availability of the various resources within the stipulated time. In order to ensure successful risk identification and analysis, proper planning and communication is required. The collection of data is done through survey questionnaire. Statistical analysis is done in order to highlight the key findings. The stratified random sampling is done in order to identify the target market. The students are randomly selected. Each of the selected students are accurately determined to be eligible for being an educator. The selected sample size is 30. 30 of the students are randomly selected to get quantified result on actual perception of the students, from 2 institutions and 50 working professionals (Gubbels et al., 2014). The survey will be conducted on the local market of the Sandringham for unbiased result. The budget of the project has to be fixed in such a way that all the activities could be accommodated successfully, within the allocated budget. All the activities to be undertaken have to be listed, and budget is to be allocated to each. Moreover, the travelling expenses are to be calculated as well, in order to ensure that the expenses for travelling are within the allocated amount of money. Thus, it is concluded that the project has been successfully undertaken and completed, as a part of the internship. Though various constraints were faced, yet, the project was undertaken and completed successfully, thus fulfilling the set aims and objectives. References Alkon, A., Nouredini, S., Swartz, A., Sutherland, A. M., Stephens, M., Davidson, N. A., Rose, R. (2016). Integrated Pest Management Intervention in Child Care Centers Improves Knowledge, Pest Control, and Practices. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 30(6), e27-e41. Annual ECE Data summary (2015). Retrieved from Education counts: https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/statistics/early-childhood-education/annual-ece-summary-reports Brebner, C., Hammond, L., Schaumloffel, N., Lind, C. (2015). Using relationships as a tool: early childhood educators perspectives of the childcaregiver relationship in a childcare setting. Early Child Development and Care, 185(5), 709-726. Cute Kids HomeBased Child Care Education | Affordable and Quality ChildCare. (2017). Cutekids.co.nz. Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates. Competitiveness Review, 24(1), 32-45. Fung, H. P. (2014). Using porter five forces and technology acceptance model to predict cloud computing adoption among IT outsourcing service providers. Gubbels, J. S. (2014). Physical activity in childcare settings: The role of the environment. Science Sports, 29, S41-S42. Gubbels, J. S., Van Kann, D. H., de Vries, N. K., Thijs, C., Kremers, S. P. (2014). The next step in health behavior research: the need for ecological moderation analyses-an application to diet and physical activity at childcare. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11(1), 52. IBISworld. (2017, May). Child Care services in New Zealand. Retrieved from ibis world : https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry-trends/nz-market-research-reports/health-care-social-assistance/child-care-services.html Statistics. (2015). Oham, C., Macdonald, D. (2016). Leading and Managing a Social Enterprise in Health and Social Care. Community Training Partners. Sharkins, K. A., Newton, A. B., Albaiz, N. E. A., Ernest, J. M. (2016). Preschool childrens exposure to media, technology, and screen time: Perspectives of caregivers from three early childcare settings. Early Childhood Education Journal, 44(5), 437-444.

What Is Love Meter as an Indicator of Argumentative Rhetoric in Sonnet 116 Essay Sample free essay sample

â€Å"If this be mistake. and upon me proved. / I neer writ. nor no adult male of all time loved. † So reads the reasoning pair in Sonnet 116. one Shakespeare’s most good known. due to its idealistic word picture of love. Unlike. most pairs in sonnets. these lines give any indicant of an overarching subject. Alternatively. it takes the signifier of a syllogism It is this averment that Shakespeare refers to with his â€Å"this. † Often Shakespeare uses metre in this sonnet to convert audiences of his idealised definition of love. Shakespeare uses the iambic pentameter non merely to command the rhythmic construction of this sonnet. but besides to direct the audiences of the sonnet to its intended significance. For illustration. Sonnet 116 Begins with the celebrated line: â€Å"Let me non to the matrimony of true heads / Admit impediments† ( ll 1-2 ) . To the insouciant reader this would likely read â€Å"Let-me | not- to| the-mar | riage-of | true-minds / Ad-mit | im-ped| im-ents† . We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Love: Meter as an Indicator of Argumentative Rhetoric in Sonnet 116 Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page with the italicized text unstressed and the normal text stressed. for that is how the emphasiss fall in normal English address. With this pronunciation. it merely seems like the poet is merely seeking to avoid conveying up any obstructions between two peoples. and the line doesn’t keep excessively much importance. Adding iambic pentameter radically changes its sound: â€Å"Let-me | not- to| the-mar | riage-of | true-minds / Ad-mit | im-ped| im-ents. † Suddenly. the first emphasis lands on the â€Å"me. † Reading the subsequent lines makes it absolutely clear that Shakespeare is lauding on the virtuousnesss of love. However he is making so by puting restraints on it ; in other words. he is depicting what it is and what it is non. This is a rhetorical scheme for specifying constructs known as merismus ; specifying by what something is is known as positive merismus. and specifying by what something is non is known as negative merismus. For illustration. the merismus is clear in the line â€Å" [ Love ] is an ever-fixed grade / That looks on storms and is neer shaken† and besides in the line â€Å"Love alters non with his brief hours and hebdomads. / But bears it out ev’n to the border of doom† ( ll. 5-6. 11-12 ) . Both these lines assert the poet’s word picture of love. either by first declaring what it is and so by what it is non. or frailty versa. Positive and negative merismus are both omnipresent in the verse form and show that the poet does specify love in his sonnet. However. as the presence of negative merismus is predicated by the presence of negative words. such as â€Å"no’s† and the â€Å"not’s. † it delineates a more restrained. defensive definition. as if the poet is expecting defense. This is the ground for the emphasis on the â€Å"me† in the first line. The poet is making more than merely saying a definition of love. If that were his lon e involvement. a simple. one sentence definition would do. instead than a sonnet packed with rhetorical scheme. Rather. the presence of his restrained definitions and rhetoric entreaty in the pair indicate that the poet is more interested in converting the audience of his averments on love. and the gap line serves a statement by the poet of his intent in the sonnet. With the stressed â€Å"me. † he is stating that he as the definer will seek to â€Å"avoid impediments† to his definition of love. Harmonizing to critic Jane Roessner: The particular powers and duties that accrue to a poet. as definer. are announced in the expansive gap lines. . . The definition of love that forms the cardinal portion of the verse form is framed by this sentence and the pair. . . Basically. the sonnet takes the signifier: â€Å"I am the keeper of this sacrament. ‘ the matrimony of true minds’ ( ll. 1-2 ) . This is what I keep ( ll. 2-8 ) . and what I keep it from ( ll. 9-12 ) . I pledge to maintain it true ( ll. 13-14 ) . The cardinal and abstract definition is guarded by â€Å"me† at both terminals of the verse form. These self mentions in the frame suggest that the poet/speaker is non merely the definer of the sacrament of love. â€Å"the matrimony of true heads. † but besides the keeper of that sacrament ( Roessner. 333-4 ) . Roessner exactly summarizes the intent of the stressed â€Å"me. † In emphasizing on the word. the poet claims duty for his definition. This claim is an entreaty to ethos. for his accepting of these â€Å"special powers and responsibilities† every bit good as the rubric â€Å"keeper of [ the ] sacrament† of love boosts his authorization. However. it is besides a load. for he risks giving a definition that fails and/or contaminations the construct of love. Either manner. with the poem’s emphasis on the word â€Å"me. † the poet has accepted and made clear to the audience his load of cogent evidence. so as to admit that he means to support his definition of love. The poet’s metre continues to foreground the poet’s consciousness of his load as â€Å"definer† in the verse form. While he does use merismus ubiquitously through the verse form. in utilizing it to specify love. the poet depends negative merismus instead than positive. Merely lines 5. 7. and 12 contain positive merismus. The prevalence of negatives entirely largely merely gives the sonnet a predominately negative tone. However. the huge bulk of these negative words land on the stressed beats of their iambic pess. such as in the phrases â€Å"Oh-no. . . . † or â€Å"Love’s-not | time’s-fool. . . †orâ€Å" Love-al | ters non. . . † ( ll. 5. 8. 10 ) . In all these phrases. the â€Å"no’s† and â€Å"not’s† are highlighted by the stressed beats. and therefore are given more importance in the beat of the verse form. Left unstressed. these negative words are merely a portion of the poet’s averments of love’s truth. With the emphasis. they turn from averments into denials of the love’s falsehood. Rhetorically. this is a superb scheme. It turns questionable definitions of love into restraints that give love about legalistic parametric quantities. By seting all these restraints together. and specifying love as whatever falls within them. the poet creates watertight definition of love that is difficult to rebut. and hence. difficult non to hold with. Plants Cited Gillespie. Patrick. â€Å"PoemShape. † Web Blog Post. Iambic Pentameter and Shakespeare’s Sonnet 116. WordPress. com. 10 Jan. 2011. Web. 28 Jan. 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //poemshape. wordpress. com/2008/12/14/what-is-iambic-pentameter-shakespeares-sonnet-116/ gt ; . Roessner. Jane. â€Å"The Coherence and the Context of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 116. † The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. Vol. 81. No. 3. Champaign. IL. University of Illinois Press. July. 1982. Print. â€Å"Shakespeare’s Sonnets. † Shakespeare’s Sonnets. Oxquarry Books

How to write a tender - Emphasis

How to write a tender How to write a tender The key to writing a good tender is to be specific and detail how your capabilities match the clients exact requirements. You don’t have to be arrogant to sell your firm. Never kick off the tender by saying how great you are. Instead, show that you’ve listened to the client’s needs and found them the right solution. The way to do this is to identify and concentrate on the ‘win themes’ – the issues the client is most concerned with. Hopefully, you will have had an opportunity to ask them about these. But invitations to tender usually give you clues about what they are and often state them directly (‘tenderers must have †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢). Win themes could include things like: completing the job within a tight time schedule attracting quality subcontractors project-management skills guarantees to stay on schedule health and safety procedures. To some extent, most tenders should cover all these issues – among others. But make sure you focus more on the ones your client is particularly interested in. And then show how your firm can meet their needs. One way of doing this with more complex tenders is to draw up a compliance matrix to make sure you’ve got a solution for everything the tender asks for. This could give you the edge if you include it in the tender document itself. Some people in the construction industry argue that tenders are usually won on price alone. No-one can dispute how important price is, and sometimes it may be the main factor (making it a win theme, of course). But never ignore the fact that whoever is in charge of the tendering process is also very interested in your firm – and what you can deliver over and above your competitors. Focus on these and you may well reduce the client’s sensitivity to price. Unique selling points This doesn’t mean you should slate your competitors in your tender – far from it. But it does mean you should have a clear idea of what your firm’s USPs (unique selling points) are. Some examples might include: quality of finish and ability to deal with snagging quickly getting the job done within a tight timeframe and budget (without jeopardising quality) regular progress reports and updates to client client-satisfaction record and percentage of repeat business. Make it clear why they should choose you. Don’t just make vague and clichà ©d claims such as ‘we deliver high-quality work within tight schedules’ or ‘we have considerable experience in the management of new office fit outs and refurbishments’. You need to substantiate these kinds of claims with supporting evidence. For example, ‘We have delivered 90 per cent of our jobs within budget and 60 per cent or our business comes from existing clients’. Include a breakdown of all the various aspects of the work involved in the project. And don’t leave out things because you’re not sure if the client wants them or because you can’t price them accurately at this stage; it will look as though you’ve overlooked them. If necessary, put them in with a ‘TBC’. Don’t make assumptions. Just because the client or person managing the tender knows you, that doesn’t mean you can leave out vital information about your firm. What if there are some other crucial ‘influencers’ reading your tender who know nothing about you? Finally, always go through your tender face to face if the tender process allows it. That way you can sort out any sticking points. Robert Ashton, Chief Executive, Emphasis, business writing specialists. Want to learn how to win business? Have a look at our tender-writing course for individuals or our in-house tender-writing course for teams.

Friction Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Friction - Lab Report Example Static friction is the friction that tries to hold the object in position. A book positioned on a table has a static friction. The coefficient of static friction is denoted by  µ. Dynamic friction is associated with the surfaces that in constant motion with each other. The friction force between the engine rotating parts is dynamic friction. The major aim of the experiment is estimate the coefficient of static friction. It can be evaluated by pulling a box with known weight along a surface with smooth flat symmetry. The coefficient of static friction and normal force (FN) are correlated to each other when one surface starts to slide over the surface. FF is the frictional force that is in opposite direction to the tension force. Force of gravity tries to pull the box down and normal pull force (FN) in opposite direction to the gravitational pull force. In this experiment we have to estimate the relationship between FN, FF and  µ (coefficient of friction). Friction of the object is directly proportional to the weight of the object; as the weight increase, the force of friction also increases. During the experiment, the box with more weight required more force to be pulled from its position. It means that the weight of the object increases its frictional value. On the other hand, comparatively less force is required pull the small box. This estimate can either be wrong as heavier weights require more force in general. Coefficient of friction also increases as the weight increases. We have estimated the ratio of FF and FN and found that as the weight of an object increases, the coefficient of friction also increases. The other observation is that the surface area of the object in contact with the other surface also influences frictional force on the object. In our experiment, the box with more weight has more surface area in contact with the surface below and thus produced more friction. On the other hand, the object

Health Care Marketing Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Care Marketing Reflection - Essay Example This assignment looks into healthcare marketing techniques and trends; it also focuses on the possible impact on consumer trends. Nowadays, the healthcare industry is a fast changing sector coupled with increased awareness among consumers. The advent of Information Technology and particularly the internet has led to easier access of information by consumers. Equally, consumers demand better provision of services and a variety of choices in delivery of healthcare. Adequate marketing is, thus, crucial to achieve the organization’s goals in a fast paced world. Marketing involves all those activities geared towards the achievement of long term goals while also looking into the needs of the parties involved and the provision of goods or services better than the competitors. Utility and satisfaction of the wants of the parties involved is achieved after a thorough analysis. In an organization, integrated marketing presents a challenge for the staff members from the top most to the custodians in satisfying particular needs correctly at the correct price and place (Eckrich& Schlesinger, 2011). In view of the changes taking places in the online media, effective pharmaceutical marketing would have to integrate the use of the internet besides the other traditional media. The online media is an integrated system with easier channels of communication. The contents in websites ought to be user friendly to their target audience for better user satisfaction. Strategies in the social media should also be integrated with the traditional media and their monitoring done thereafter. Healthcare marketing is effective in influencing marketability of brands. Through the social media, there is the creation of a strong online presence and creating powerful brands and good relationships. There are better opportunities for consumer preference especially among the youth when a brand is viewed favorably. Bad comments and reviews can be quickly picked up by other online users leading

Assessment case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assessment case study - Essay Example The two most important models related to disability are the medical and social models. For assessment of John's case, I would follow both the models as "Both the medical and social model aim to 'cure' disability, the former by curing the impairment and the latter by curing the environment and social attitudes. This indicates that, despite the polarity of their views of the world and the opposing positions they occupy, both models aim to improve the state of disability." (Wilson, 2003. p. 22) When a disabled child is small, his condition does not bother his parents much, as bringing him up is like bringing up a normal child, as at that stage all children are dependent on their parents for their needs. It is when the child grows up (during their adolescence stage) as is the case of John who is 15, that the parents as well as the disabled child realize the reality that that their situation is different from the rest and is going to remain the same. This is the time when parents get tota lly dejected. Since I am going to meet John and his family at such a critical stage, I would keep in mind that he and his family need emotional support more than anything else. For family members the burden of shouldering the responsibility of a disabled person takes a toll on their psyche and might frustrate them so much, that they start abusing and cursing the disabled person. They might not allow the disabled person to do things according to his liking by pointing his incapability to him. During the assessment meeting I would look into this aspect to determine whether John is getting proper care and love by his parents and siblings or not. If I find something amiss I will try to focus on this aspect so that John and his family members are able to deal with their unfortunate situation in a better way. I would see to it that every positive change begins from home. Since John is so used to of his family members being an intermediary between him and outsiders, I will try to encourage John to express himself as much as possible in the first meeting so that he gets comfortable with me and sheds his hesitance as my main objective is to improve his condition more than that of his family members. Both John and I will have to struggle a lot to understand each other because of his critical condition. I will try to systematically organize the service delivery in accordance to the policies and programmes designed by my team to deliver the best possible service to John and his family. Since assessment meeting is not only about John, but his circumstances too, I will try my best to organise, systemise and rationalise the information provided by John's father in his letter as well as my face-to-face communication with his entire family sensitively to get the crux of the whole situation. In this case, I will totally abide by the viewpoint of Coulshed and Orme who have rightly pointed out that "assessment is not just an event, for example the production of a profile on someone or a report for the court; it is, as indicated, a way of continuously collecting and synthesising available data, which includes thoughts and feelings, in order to formulate 'treatment' plans." (1998, p. 21) Through the letter of John's father it as clear that in the past he has not got much help from the

Factors That Restrict Success Within Youth Sport

Factors That Restrict Success Within Youth Sport Part 1 With reference to the theory undertaken in this module, evaluate the key factors that restrict success within youth sport. Theory that has already been undertaken in this module includes details of the factors that restrict success in Youth Sport. Factors that have been researched prior to this piece of work are Participation Rates, Support Structures, Maturation Rates, Talent Identification and School Sport Competition. Follows, will be a detailed report underpinning three of these factors and it will stress why they each restrict success in Youth Sport. Youth is another common title for a young person or young people (Konopka, G., 1973). People have different views on how they would define sport, people suggest that sport is an activity governed by rules or customs and often engaged competitively whilst others suggest differently. Sporting people have different attitudes when it comes to playing sport. Sportsmanship is an attitude that strives for fair play, courtesy toward teammates and opponents, ethical behaviour and integrity, and grace in victory or defeat (Fish and Magee 2003). Sports are most of ten played just for fun or for the simple fact that people need exercise to stay in good physical condition. Although they do not always succeed, sports participants are expected to display good sportsmanship, standards of conduct such as being respectful of opponents and officials. The three factors that will be that will be detailed are Relative Age Effects, Talent Identification and Significant Others. These seem to be the most contrasting factors that restrict success therefore there will be outcome of an understanding from different views and aspects of the sporting world for youths. Depending on the dates of a childs birth, they will be in either one season or the other to determine what school year they will be entering. For sports players, physical appearance is an agenda when it comes to selecting players off an appearance basis and measuring biological maturity is a way of finding best players; (Vaegans et al 2005). Youths that are involved in sport must be adequately prepared for a life in sport Long Term Athlete Development (LTAD) provides a model that they can work from. Phase 1 FUNdamentals (FUN) Objective TO LEARN FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENT SKILLS Content Overall development, focusing on the ABCs (Agility, Balance, Coordination, Speed) to underpin the generic skills used in many sports: Running, jumping and throwing. Frequency Perform physical activity 5-6 times per week. Phase2 Learning to Train (L2T) Objective TO LEARN FUNDAMENTALS SPORTS SKILLS Content Concentration on the range of FUNdamental sports skills, such as throwing, catching, jumping and running. Introduction to readiness: being mentally and physically prepared. Basic FUNdamental tactics, e.g. if fielding, net/wall, invasion games can be introduced. Cognitive and emotional developments are central Skills are practised in challenging formats Frequency As above. If there is a favoured sport, it is suggested that at least 50% of the time is allocated to other sports/activities that develop a range of skills. Phase3 Training to Train (T2T) Objective TO BUILD FITNESS SPECIFIC SPORTS SKILLS Content This phase ideally occurs post-puberty and attention switches to: Fitness Training Detailed mental preparation A focus on sport-specific skill development, including perceptual skills (reading the game/tactical understanding). Decision making Detailed and extensive evaluation Frequency For the aspiring performer, sport specific practice will now be 6-9 times per week. Phase 4 Training to Compete (T2C) Objective TO REFINE SKILLS FOR A SPECIFIC EVENT OR POSITION Content Event and position specific training Physical conditioning Technical and tactical preparation Advanced mental practice All of the above come together and are developed under competition conditions. Frequency Training could be up to 12 timesper week. Phase5 Training to Win (T2W) Objective TO MAXIMISE PERFORMANCE IN COMPETITION Content Development and refinement of the aspects above, but with more use in competition modelling and more attention to rest periods and prevention of injury due to heavier load. Frequency Training could be up to 15 times per week Phase6 Retainment For athletes/players retiring from competitive sport, many sports are developing Masters Programmes. An additional phase retainment- keeps the players/athletes involved in physical activity. Experiences gained as competitors can be invaluable, should they move into administration, coaching or officiating. A move to another sport, perhaps at a more recreational level, may better suit some. There are consequences that the sports person could be faced with as well as the advantages and disadvantages. According to research it has been found that approximately 70% of successful hockey and football players had a relative age advantage because they were born in the first-half of the defined age-group for their respective sports. By comparison, only 30% of these top-level players were born in the last 6 months of the respective â€Å"sport year†. One consequence that has been found is an increased drop-out rate for those youthful hockey players that had been disadvantaged by age in the past (Barnsley Thompson 1988), suggesting that given the choice, younger children will seek to leave or avoid an activity in which their competitive position is hampered by their relative age. Interestingly and predictably, the relative age effect has also been found in other competitive sports such as baseball (Thompson et al 1991). Steven Gerrard was affected as a youth when it came to playing football and furthering his career. Follows is a prime example of how he overcome his relative age effect. Steven Gerrard, one of Englands most talented footballers, was born in May 1980 and was also a late developer. He describes in his autobiography his huge disappointment at not getting into the FA school at Lilleshall and subsequently not playing for England under-16s. Michael Owen, born some six months earlier in December and more physically developed made both squads easily. Steve Gerrard wrote in his autobiography: â€Å"The one nagging doubt in the back of my mind was that my rivals were bigger: I was really small and facing some tall, strong units in my position. â€Å" Steven resented his rejection but had coaches and mentors at Liverpool who knew he needed more time. Significant others can be described as the people who are around the sports performer. There are 4 sectors; Technical, Peers, Family and Supporters. These are also the key interpersonal support factors that affect a young persons participation and progress in sport. The technical others are the people who see the person as a sports performer. They could be their coach, teacher, club official, sport sciencetist or medical health sciencetist. Peers are made up of people such as friends, classmates and team mates. Family is made up of parents, grandparents and siblings. Finally, supporters are people such as fans and neighbours. All 4 sectors have some form of impact on the sports player whether it is a big one or a small one. Parents are major part for the youths life. It is the parent that has brought the child up and it is their duty, by nature, to mould the child into a young promising adolescent. Parents have empathy for their children, perceived sharing their childrens on court em otions. They are perceived to possess knowledge and expertise of the sport so they feel entitled to comment. They also have a continuum of reactions throughout their childs sport, good and bad. In-game negative comments are usually about 10%. (Holt et al 2008). Significant others can have a negative impact on the sports performer. These effects could include dropping out of sport all together. This could be caused by pressuring parents, lack of peers during adolescence and sibling rivalries. The parents could be either really demanding of the child and either expect too much of them in their sport or could be too strict towards them. Eccles and Harold (1991) proposed the parents expectations influence the child decision to engage in sport and activities including the intensity of effort expended and their childs actual performance level. Next is an extract which is a study examining parental influence on childrens participation in sport, giving an idea why the parents could restrict success in Youth Sport. X. Yang et al (1997) states ‘The purpose of this study was to examine parental influences on childrens participation in sport and their later physical activity. The population for the study consisted of a random sample of 1881 9- to 15-year-old boys and girls who were exposed to the extensive research program called Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns in 1980. They and their parents have been followed up for twelve years at three-year intervals by means of a short questionnaire concerning physical activity and other factors. The results indicated that the fathers physical activity in 1980 was related to their childrens habitual physical activity in the same year, and gave in boys and girls a significant prediction of PAI values twelve years later when the starting point was the age of 9, and also among boys from 15 years of age to 27. During the three years follow-up period, the extent of participation in sport was higher in families with active parents than in families with pas sive parents and single parents. The relationship of physical activity and sports participation with fathers socioeconomic status and education was not strong as with fathers physical activity. Talent Identification is a where a talent is found in a person. In this case it is when a talent is found in a Youth. There are different processes in which talent identification can be used in order to find potential sports persons. Scouts are trained talent evaluators who travel extensively for the purposes of watching athletes play their chosen sports and determining whether their set of skills and talents represent what is needed by the scouts organization. Many scouts are former coaches or retired players, while others have made a career just of being scouts. Skilled scouts who help to determine which players will fit in well with an organization can be the major difference between success and failure for the team with regard to wins and losses. Talent can not only be identified by an official spectator, it can be identified by standard spectators e.g. team mates, coach, teachers. It can also be identified by parents and grandparents. If the non-official spectators were to recog nise a talent within a Youth playing Sport then they could hold the boost that the player needs in order to further themselves in their chosen sport. If the non-official spectator fails to let on to the sports person then it could restrict them from being successful in sport. UK Sport holds a number of talent identification programmes for youths and generally people aged 17-25. These are ‘Pitch 2 Podium, ‘Sporting Giants and ‘Girls4Gold. UK Sport (2008) and the English Institute of Sport (EIS)began asearch for highly competitive sportswomen with the potential to become Olympic champions in cycling and other targeted Olympic sports (bob skeleton, canoeing, modern pentathlon, rowing and sailing). Girls4Gold is the single most extensive female sporting talent recruitment drive ever undertaken in Great Britain. Girls4Gold can only take a number of people onto their programme, same with any other programme. Following the tremendous success of Team GB at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the Girls4Gold team received over 1300 applications and cant take on anymore applicants until the next opening. This could be a restriction in itself because this programme could be missing out on extreme sports people including male participants. This is only available for females and therefore could hold a feature which a sporting male might need for success but doesnt have on offer anywhere else on their sporting grounds. After summarising the three factors discussed in this essay, it is clear that they all hold possible restrictions for success in Youth Sport. Relative age effects take a greater approach to the physical side of the sports people body, as the older the sports person is, the more mature and developed their body is and the younger the person is the less developed they are. This could be a restriction when it comes to team games more than it could be a restriction to playing sport individually. This means that the player could have more chances of becoming successful in an individual sport rather than a team sport. The restriction depends on what the players sport is and which ‘school year the player is born into. Significant others can be a restriction in itself depending on who the ‘significant others are around the sports player. Provided that there are the right people, technically as well as emotional and mentally, the then player could be stable and could be successful. However, if those people arent in place to give the young sports person the interpersonal support they need then they could be self reluctant to take up opportunities in order to be successful. Talent identification is the main key to success in sport. If the payer is not recognised then the player is not faced with the opportunity to make their sport official or even turn it into a career for themselves. With this it could be argued that the sports person should not take chances and wait to be noticed and that they should help themselves be acknowledged by talent identifier. This is when they could apply for programmes such as ‘Girls4Gold. This is when it could be ‘make or break for the sports player, as sometimes they are not always faced with people on the search for talent.

Essay --

On July 22, 1987, President Ronald Reagan signed the McKinney Homeless Assistance Act (now known as the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act) into law and was later reauthorized by the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001. This act establishes several programs to provide essential services to people experiencing homelessness, including emergency shelter, transitional housing, job training, primary health care, education, and permanent housing. This policy analysis will focus specifically on Title VII-B of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, which authorizes the federal Education of Homeless Children and Youth program, and its attempt to remove barriers to public education faced by homeless children and youth. Nature and Scope of the Issue According to the National Coalition of the Homeless (2007), families with children are among the fastest growing segments of the homeless population (pg. 1). The Institute for Children and Poverty (2004) estimated that approximately 1.35 million children are likely to experience homelessness over the course of a year in the United States. Homelessness has a devastating impact on all aspects of children and youth’s lives, including their educational opportunities. Residency requirements, guardianship requirements, delays in transfer of school records, lack of transportation, and lack of immunization records often prevent homeless children from enrolling in school. In 1987, Congress established Title VII-B of the McKinney-Vento Act, the Education of Homeless Children and Youth program (EHCY), in response to reports that only 57% of homeless children were enrolled in school (NCH, 2007). In addition to difficulties with enrolling in school, the high mobility associated with homelessness also... ...s accessing emergency shelter and transitional housing programs of the course of one year (as cited in NCH, 2009) Meanwhile, 71% of responding cities reported increases in households with children accessing emergency shelter. More than 42% of those accessing emergency shelter are families, and, on average these families remain in emergency shelters for 70 days (as cited in NCH, 2009). Alternative policies that strive to provide more affordable housing options and more preventative support services must be implemented in attempts to prevent the causes of homelessness rather than addressing the symptoms associated with it. Homelessness, including its devastating impact on children and youth’s educational outcomes, will not end until policy makers and society at large begins to take a deeper look at these structural, root causes of homelessness impacting our society.

Juvenile Justice Chapters 1-4 Study Guide Essay

1 Juvenile violence is generally unrelated to gang formation and presence. False 2 The actual amount of juvenile violence in the United States is unknown. True 3 Property-offender juveniles account for about 10% of all juvenile arrests annually. False 4 A policy of delaying juvenile punishments works best for juvenile rehabilitation. False 5 Juvenile courts are the same as criminal courts. False 6 Juvenile courts have prosecutors and other court personnel. True 7 The juvenile justice system does not resemble the criminal justice system. False 8 Usually the same criteria are used to define juvenile offenders in different state jurisdictions. False 9 Under parens patriae, the king as sovereign acts to protect children and other dependents. True 10 Juvenile justice has been substantially unaffected by alternative philosophies that differ from the rehabilitation emphasis. False 11 Juvenile courts are unknown in most other industrialized countries throughout the world. False 12 Over two million youths come into contact with the criminal justice system annually. True 13 Once offenders are placed in corrections, they are no longer in the criminal justice system. False 14 Jurisdiction is the power of a court to hear a case. True 15 There are about 1,000 law enforcement agencies in the United States. False 16 Almost all ordinances aimed at juveniles are status ordinances since they are not applicable for adults. True 17 Sheriff’s deputies and city police officers are the law enforcement officers who have the most amount of contact with juveniles. True 18 Juveniles who loiter late at night cannot be taken into custody by police officers for any reason since loitering is not prohibited per se. False 19 The stage where information is obtained about juvenile suspects, including their names, addresses, and ages, is called arraignment. False 20 Juveniles are not entitled to bail. False 21 ROR means released on own recognizance. True 22 Preconviction agreements between defendants and the state are known as indictments. False 23 Proceedings for establishing a trial date where a formal plea to charges is entered are alled arraignments. True 24 Exculpatory evidence is evidence that tends to show the greater guilt of a defendant. False 25 Inculpatory evidence is favorable for defendants charged with crimes. True 26 Preliminary hearings or examinations are usually conducted for the purpose of determining probable cause. True 27 The standard of proof in juvenile proceedings is preponderance of the evidence. False 28 Beyond a reasonable doubt is only aplicable to criminal proceedings. False 29 Juveniles are not entitled in any jurisdiction to a trial by jury. False 30 Aggravating circumstances might include whether or not the youth cooperate with police to help them detect and apprehend other offenders. False 31 A mitigating circumstance might be the mental health of the defendant. True 32 Corrections is all agencies and personnel who deal with convicted offenders. True 33 Probation is part of corrections. True 34 Reducing the number of jails is the goal of the jail removal initiative. False 35 Referrals of juveniles to juvenile court can only be made by police officers. False 36 Parole is a conditional release from incarceration. True 37 Because of changes in the law, there are no longer any juveniles in adult jails. False 38 About half of all juvenile cases that come before the juvenile court are handled informally. True 39 Petitions are documents directing police to arrest a particular juvenile. False 40 Police officers are prohibited by law from placing juveniles in jails, even for short periods. False 41 One reason juveniles are held in jails temporarily is that it is difficult to establish their true age on the basis of their appearance. True 42 Neighbors of youths are prohibited by law from filing complaints that might bring these youths to the attention of the juvenile court. False 43 Being arrested and taken into custody are the same thing. False 44 Intake officers can order the incarceration of any juvenile to a long-term juvenile facility if the officers believe that the juvenile is guilty of a felony. False 45 Juvenile court prosecutors have broad discretionary powers. True 46 An adjudicatory hearing is the juvenile equivalent of a criminal trial for an adult. True 47 Intake is usually presided over by the local juvenile court judge. False 48 Intake probation officers attempt to screen the more serious juvenile offenders from the less serious ones. True 49 Intake officers consider both legal and extralegal factors in intake decision making. True 50 A nominal punishment might be a verbal warning or reprimand. True 51 Secure confinement is most closely associated with probation. False 52 Doing what is best for the children is consistent with the parens patriae doctrine. True 53 Official documents that call for a youth’s subsequent appearance in juvenile court and allege carious offenses are called petitions. True 54 Juvenile court proceedings are becoming increasingly adversarial. True 55 It is often true that the greater the formality of a juvenile court proceeding, the harsher the punishment imposed by juvenile court judges. True 56 A decision about the guilt or innocence of a juvenile is called a disposition. False 57 In most jurisdictions juvenile court judges have nearly absolute discretion to determine how their particular court proceedings are conducted. True 58 Juveniles are convicted of offenses in juvenile court proceedings. False 59 An adjudication means that a juvenile will be incarcerated. False 60 All adjudications of juveniles mean that all juveniles who are adjudicated are delinquents. False 61 Over two million juveniles com into contact with the following system annually: Criminal justice 62 Regarding decisions and discretion about juvenile offenders, intake officers have: Considerable discretion 63 Which of the following are components of the criminal justice system? a) Law enforcement b) Courts c) Legislature d) All of the above 64 The word process is sometimes used to describe the criminal justice system. This is because the criminal justice system is : a) a sequence of people-processing stages. b) loosely coordinated. c) fragmented. d) all of the above. 65 The power of courts to hear particular kinds of cases is called: Jurisdiction 66 The largest component of the criminal justice system is: Law enforcement 67 A conditional disposition would be: Probation 68 The juvenile equivalent of an adult sentence is called a(n): Disposition 69 Juveniles may be: a) arrested. b) taken to shelters and group homes. c) taken into custody. d) all of the above. 70 When juveniles are apprehended by police for suspicion and not necessarily for any particular crime, they are: Taken into custody. 71 Obtaining one’s name, address, fingerprints, photograph, and other vital information is a part of what process? Booking 72 Detentions and secure confinement almost always follow: a) a finding of guilt b) intake c) adjudications d) none of the above 73 ROR means: Released on own recognizance 74 Preconviction agreements involving guilty pleas ans favorable sentencing are: Plea bargains 75 Defendants who are most likely to be released on ROR are those: Who are employed, white, middle-class females 76 Sureties that are posted to guarantee one’s subsequent appearance in court are called: Bailbonds 77 Evidence that is favorable to the prosecution against a violent defendant is called: Inculpatory 78 Evidence that is favorable to the defense in a criminal case is called; Exculpatory 79 Circumstances that might make the punishment imposed by a sentencing judge more severe would be: Aggravating 80 Determining that a crime was committed and that a particular person or persons probably committed the crime is: Probable cause 81 Preliminary hearings are held primarily for the purpose of establishing: Probable cause 82 The standard of proof in criminal proceedings is: Beyond a reasonable doubt 83 Juries that determine one’s guilt or innocence are called: Grand juries 84 Circumstances that tend to lessen punishments imposed by judges during sentencing are: Mitigating 85 The assemblage of agencies and persons who supervise offenders after court proceedings might likely be called: Corrections 86 A conditional nonincarcerative alternative for a first offender convicted of a crime is: Probation 87 A mitigating circumstance might be: a) one’s youthfulness. b) cooperating with police officers to detect other criminals c) mental illness d) all of the above 88 An aggravating circumstance might be: Being a gang leader 89 The jail removal initiative is aimed at: Reducing or eliminating juvenile confinement in jails 90 Being taken into custody and being arrested are: Different in meaning 91 Official documents filed with juvenile court that allege that a certain juvenile is delinquent are called: Petitions 92 A finding by a grand jury that a crime has been committed and that a particular person may have committed the crime is called: True bill 93 A judgement in juvenile court is called: Adjudication 94 When a stern reprimand is given as a sentence in a juvenile court proceeding, the juvenile has been: Adjudicated 95 A conditional diposition might be: a) participation in group therapy b) payment of victim compensation c) community service d) all of the above 96 Criminal informations are typically filed by: Prosecutors 97 An industrial school placement of a juvenile is commensurate with what type of placement for adult offenders? Prison 98 The standard of proof in juvenile courts, where juveniles are not in jeopardy of losing their liberty, is: Preponderance of evidence 99 Common law in the United States was derived from: England 100 Parens patriae means: â€Å"The father of the country† 101 A standard definition of delinquency: a) exists for all juridictions b) is consistant throughout all states and the federal system c) limits delinquents to all those under age 18 d) none of the above 102 Offenses committed by juveniles that would not be crimes if committed by adults are called: Status offenses 103 It can be said of all juveniles delinquents that they: Commit crimes 104 Deinstitutionalization generally means to: Remove juveniles from custodial institutions 105 In most jurisdictions, juveniles can be charged with crimes at age: a) 18 b) 20 c) 19 d) all of the above 106 Persons under the age of 7 were presumed capable of formulating criminal intent under common law. False 107 Common law emerged in the American colonies in the 1600s. False 108 A shire is the chief law enforcement officer of an English country. False 109 Reeves are English countries. False 110 Chancellors were officials in England who administered the affairs fo the King in different remote areas. True 111 Transportation was a method used by England to rid itself of criminals. True 112 The Birdwell Workhouse was the first juvenile reformatory. False 113 Poor laws were used to incarcerate debtors for indefinite periods. True 114 The poor laws targeted the socioeconomically disadvantaged. True 115 One example of the voluntary slavery pattern is the indentured servant. True 116 The Hospital of St. Michael was the first hospital to treat juvenile diseases. False 117 The Walnut Street Jail was known for its terrible living conditions for inmates. False 118 Solitary confinement is a recent concept created during the early 1940s in U.S. prisons. False 119 Child-savers were drawn largely from the lower socioeconomic classes. False 120 Hard-core delinquents were targeted for treatment in houses of refuge. True 121 The power of the state over the family in child custody cases was illustrated in the case of Ex parte Crouse. True 122 The case of O’Connell v. Turner had to do with child abuse and neglect. False 123 The founder of Hull House was Jane Addams. True 124 Truants are persons who have run away from home and are considered untreatable. False 125 An example of voluntary servitude was the indentured servant. True 126 The first juvenile court was established in Illinois in !899. True 127 By the end of the Korean War, only ;half of all states had juvenile courts. False 128 The Compulsory School Act created children’s tribunals. False 129 Prior to juvenile courts, juvenile affairs were administered largely by social service agencies. True 130 Juvenile courts in most jurisdictions operate the same way. False 131 One of the most influential philanthropic organizations of the eighteenth century upon correctional practices was the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries fo Public Persons. True 132 Small communities were known for their Gesellschaft atmosphere. False 133 Juveniles viewed as chattel meant that they were counted like so much farm property and livestock. True 134 Sweat shops exploited juvenile labor during the late 1800s and early 1900s. True 135 Throughout much of the 20th century, juveniles had little or no legal standing in U.S. courts. True 136 Efficient juvenile offender proceedings is sometimes called actuarial justice. True 137 Jurisdiction usually refers to the power of a court to hear particular kinds of cases. True 138 For a majority of the states, the upper age limit for juvenile courts is 21. False 139 Status offenders would include all juveniles who commit acts that would be crimes if adults committed them. False 140 The power of juvenile court judges is such that juvenile delinquency may be whatever they say it is. True 141 The parens patriae doctrine has had little influence on juveniles and juvenile courts. False 142 The get-tough movement is a response to perceived escalating juvenile violence by interested citizens. True 143 In most juvenile courts, juveniles are convicted of various offenses following an adjudicatory hearing. False 144 Almost every juvenile court is a court of record. False 145 Juvenile court jurisdiction is the same among different local and state legislative definitions of juvenile offenders. False 146 All jurisdictions have the same lower age limits for juveniles. False 147 The most common age of accountability in the U.S. is 21. False 148 Delinquency is an act committed by a juvenile which would be a status offense if committed by an adult. False 149 Compared with runaways, curfew violators tend to be more serious offenders. True 150 Virtually all runaways are pretty much the same in terms of their social and personal characteristics. False 151 Stigmas usually result in juveniles defining themselves as deviant or delinquent. True 152 Truants and liquor law violators are more inclined to be chronic offenders compared with runaways. True 153 Stigmatization is closely associated with labeling theory. True 154 Staus offenders may become criminals if they violate court orders. True 155 Studies of runaway behavior show that most runaways are well adjusted youths who want to make it on their own. False 156 Decarceration means to separate juvenile delinquents from status offenders by placing them in different cells in juvenile prisons. False 157 Diversion programs are especially helpful in the cases of dependent and neglected children. True 158 Under divestiture status offenders are removed from secure institutions. False 159 One unfavorable implication of DSO is net-widening. True 160 Recidivism is associated with the chronicity of offending. True 161 Self-reports suggest that there is considerable career escalation from status offending to criminal offending. False 162 An important factor associated with recidivism is frequent contact with juvenile courts. True 163 Contact with juvenile courts is believed by many experts to stigmatize youths with self-definitions of delinquency. True 164 Relabeling occurs when police officers relabel innocent juvenile behaviors and interpret them as delinquent behaviors. True 165 The Uniform Crime Report typically underestimates the amount of juveniles offending. True 166 DSO has caused drastic increases in the rate of recidivism among juvenile offenders. False 167 An incident consists of multiple acts involving a single victim. False 168 A victimization is a single criminal act that affects a single victim. True 169 The National Crime Victimization Survey is a compilation of reported by all law enforcement agencies. False 170 Cleared by arrest means that someone has been arrested for a particular crime. True 171 One weakness of the UCR is that not all law enforcement agencies report crimes in the same way. True 172 Self-report information is believed to by some juvenile justice experts to be a more accurate indication of how much delinquency exists. True 173 The Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics publishes no information about juvenile offenses. False 174 Self-reports are reports filed by principals detailing the amount of crime committed by students on their campuses. True 175 One problem with self-report information is that juveniles may exaggerate the amount of crime they commit. True 176 The National Youth Survey has been discounted frequently by professionals as an unreliable data source regarding juvenile offending behaviors. False 177 Self-reports of delinquency often disclose what has been termed hidden delinquency. True 178 A study of youths who reported that they smoked cigarettes frequently showed that many of these youths had not actually smoked cigarettes and had lied about this behavior. True 179 School violence has pretty much een eliminated as the result of more sophisticated surveillance systems in schools and closer student monitoring by police. False 180 Most school violence is fatal. False 181 There is a clear pattern of career escalation among status offenders who typically graduate to juvenile delinquency. False 182 Chronic violent offenders are usually those juveniles who are arrested at least four or more times for violent offenses. True 183 The formation of gangs is a phenomenon almost exclusively confined to the large cities of Los Angeles, New York, Boston, ans Chicago. False 184 At-risk youth tend to have personality problems and exhibit poor social adjustment. True 185 Gangs usually form along racial or ethnic lines. True 186 Juveniles who commit homicide are relatively rare. True 187 About 50% of all youth deaths have been attributable to firearms. True 188 Pathways are developmental sequences over the course of one’s adolescence. True 189 There are few, if any, differences between female and male delinquent offending patterns. False 190 Growing numbers of female juvenile are entering the juvenile justice system annually. True 191 The most common reason for females joining female gangs is for protection. True 192 Female rather than male delinquents are more likely to receive paternalistic treatment from juvenile court judges. True 193 A significant feature of early juvenile courts was their emphasis on: Confidentiality 194 Common law was established during: Medieval England 195 Juvenile courts are courts of: Limited Jurisdiction 196 Referring to the juvenile justice system as a â€Å"system† is problematic for some juvenile justice professionals primarily because: The juvenile justice system components are only loosely coordinated 197 Below what age under English common law are children not held accountable for their actions? 7 198 A sheriff in early England was called a: Reeve 199 Indentured servants often entered servitude voluntarily for the purpose of: Gaining passage to the new colonies 200 The Poor Laws were most closely associated with: Debtor’s Prisons 201 Responsible for many of the jail and prison reforms in early England were the: Quakers 202 The Walnut Street Jail was innovative in that it: a) segregated male from female inmates b) segregated more serious offenders for less serious ones c) created solitary confinement d) all of the above 203 The Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons was sponsored by the: Quakers 204 The Hospital of Saint Michael was a famous: Correctional facility in Italy to punish unruly youths 205 The Hospital of Saint Michael was known for its use of: Corporal Punishment 206 The child-saving movement sought to: Provide shelter to wayward youths 207 Houses of refuge targeted: Status Offenders 208 Ex parte Crouse dealt with: Family rights relating to the control of their children 209 Truancy statutes were aimed at: Youths who avoided attending school 210 The Uniform Crime Reports publishes information about: a)juvenile delinquency b)reported crime c)felonies and misdemeanors d) all of the above 211 According to the Uniform Crime Reports, juvenile offense patterns are: Different among most states 212 Self-reports of delinquency differ from reported delinquency in the Uniform Crime Reports in that self-reports disclose: Higher delinquency than reported 213 The federal juvenile court is called: The federal government has no juvenile court 214 Truancy is: A status offense 215 In our current system of juvenile justice, a six-year-old murderer is likely to be: Treated 216 A status offense for an adult offender would likely be: Vagrancy 217 What best typifies runaway behavior? It is difficult to explain. 218 The â€Å"unsettling age† of runaway behavior is: The first few days away from home 219 More inclined to become chronic offenders are: Truants 220 Stigmas among certain juveniles result in: Unfavorable labeling by others 221 Stigmatizing youths is believed to be one consequence of: Frequent contact with juvenile courts 222 Deinstitutionalizing status offenders means: Removal of status offenders from institutions 223 Labeling theory has done much to account for:q Diversion 224 One of the most sweeping reforms in juvenile justice in recent years is: DSO 225 Undre full divestiture juvenile court judges can do what to status offenders? a) place them on probation b) confine them to institutions c) adjudicate them d) none of the above 226 Whenever police officers redefine innocent juvenile behaviors as delinquent behaviors, this process is: Re-labeling 227 When certain youths are pulled into the juvenile justice system and community programs simply because those programs exist, this is known as: Net-widening 228 One major problem with the Uniform Crime Reports is that: Not all agencies report crime regularly 229 An index offense would be: a) arson b) murder c) robbery d) all of the above 230 A crime punishable by more than one year of incarceration would be a: Felony 231 The National Crime Victimization Survey is a reflection of the amount of: a) aggravated assaults committed by juveniles b) rapes committed by juveniles c) murders committed by juveniles d) none of the above 232 Crimes that are cleared by arrest usually lead to: a) long jail terms b) convictions c) short jail terms d) none of the above 233 Self-report information is: a) potentially unreliable b) constitutional c) voluntary d) all of the above 234 When a crime is committed and a single victim is involved, it is called: Victimization 235 The Uniform Crime Reports may reflect: a) arrest statistics b) police offender activity c) crime trends d) all of the above 236 The Uniform Crime Reports report: Arrests 237 Perhaps one of the most accurate statements we can make about the Uniform Crime Reports is that they: Seriously underestimate the true amount of crime nationally 238 The National Youth Survey is an example of the use of: Self-reports 239 Regarding the relation between the type of juvenile offending behavior and career escalation, the results of scientific research are: Inconsistant 240 Self-reports are likely inaccurate because: Juveniles tend to brag about cries they have not committed 241 Most school violence results in: Nonlethal injuries 242 At-risk youths tend to be: a) overachievers in school b) socially well-adjusted c) affluent d) none of the above 243 Gangs tend to form along: a) racial lines b) gender lines c) ethnic lines d) all of the above 244 Developmental sequences over the term of one’s adolescence are called: Pathways 245 Female juveniles tend to: a) commit less violent acts b) have prior histories of physical or sexual abuse c) be more passive in their offending d) all of the above 246 One myth about female juvenile offenders is that much of their offending involves: Violent offending 247 Theories have nothing to do with predicting social behaviors False 248 Theories may predict as well as explain. True 249 It is very likely that relationships exist between theories of delinquency and various types of juvenile delinquency intervention programs. True